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Ghatak, Abhijeet
- Variability in Sensitivity among Different Host Origin-Macrophomina phaseolina Isolates to Azoxystrobin Fungicide
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar), IN
2 Pulses Research Center, Mokama (Bihar), IN
3 Jute Research Station, Katihar (Bihar), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar), IN
2 Pulses Research Center, Mokama (Bihar), IN
3 Jute Research Station, Katihar (Bihar), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 10, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 26-33Abstract
The charcoal rot fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, was isolated from chickpea, pigeonpea, groundnut and jute ischolar_main tissues collected from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Variability in isolates was recognized i.e. feathery growth for pigeonpea and jute isolates, and restricted growth for chickpea and soybean isolates. The sensitivity of M. phaseolina from the four hosts was tested for azoxystrobin, a respiration inhibitor (QoI group) fungicide. The minimum inhibitory concentration was lower (10 ppm) for isolates with restricted growth and higher (between 100 and 150 ppm) for isolates with feathery growth. Concentrations of this fungicide pose significant impact (P < 0.01) on time requirement for growth of isolate. We found strong effectiveness of azoxystrobin to inhibit the growth of slow-growing population of M. phaseolina. Moreover, this fungicide can also exploit for the fast-growing population of M. phaseolina but more time will be required, to act on such isolates, for better result of azoxystrobin. Our results indicate that the response of different isolates varied to concentrations of azoxystrobin; this could be interpreted that the fungicidal application may be performed only after the quantitative estimation of the prevailing population type in the field as because various populations of M. phaseolina may be available in an area. Therefore, our results advocate for judicious use of fungicide (azoxystrobin) application, which ultimate restrict the hazardous impact on soil health.Keywords
Azoxystrobin, Charcoal Rot, Fungicide, Macrophomina phaseolina.
References
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- Gupta, R.N., Kushwaha, C. and Ghatak, A. (2014). Pre-requisite exploration of Macrophomina phaseolina populace is obligatory prior to fungicide application. National Seminar on Indian Agriculture and Rural Development in Changing Global Scenario, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.) India. Souvenir NSKVKBHU, 196 : 77.
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- Kushwaha, C., Rani, N. and Bhagat, A.P. (2017). Nature, dissemination and epidemiological consequences in charcoal rot pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. In: The Phytopathogen: Evolution and Adaptation. Eds: Ghatak, A., and Ansar, M. Apple Academic Press, USA. ISBN – 13:978-1-315-36613-5.
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- Sundravadana, S., Alice, D., Kuttalam, S. and Samiyappan, R. (2007). Efficacy of azoxystrobin on Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes Penz. growth and on controlling mango anthracnose. J. Agril. Biol. Sci., 2(3): 10-15.
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- Allelopathy:How Plants Suppress other Plants
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar), IN
2 Rajendra Central Agriculture University, Samastipur (Bihar), IN
1 Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar), IN
2 Rajendra Central Agriculture University, Samastipur (Bihar), IN
Source
Rashtriya Krishi (English), Vol 12, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 103-106Abstract
The term allelopathy is from the Greek-derived compounds allelo and pathy (meaning "mutual harm" or "suffering") and was first used in 1937 by Austrian scientist Hans Molisch in the book Der Einfluss einer Pflanze auf die andere - Allelopathie (The Effect of Plants on Each Other) published in German (Willis, 2010).References
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- Fraenkel, Gottfried S. (1959). “The raison d’Etre of secondary plant substances”, Science, 129 (3361).
- Rice, Elroy Leon (1984). Allelopathy, (1st Ed., November 1974 by the same editor) (IInd Ed.), Academic Press, pp. 422 p. ISBN 978-0-12-587058-0
- Roger, Manuel Joaquín Reigosa, Reigosa, Manuel J.,Pedrol, Nuria and González, Luís (2006). Allelopathy: a physiological process with ecological implications, Springer, p. 1, ISBN 14020-4279-5
- Sheeja B.D. (1993). Allelopathic effects of Eupatorium odoratum L. and Lantana camara,L. on four major crops. M. Phil dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli.
- Stamp, Nancy (2003). “Out of the quagmire of plant defense hypotheses”, The Quarterly Review of Biology 78 (1): 23–55.
- Willis, Rick J. (2007). “The History of Allelopathy”, Springer: 3, ISBN 1-4020-4092-X, retrieved 2009-08-12.
- Willis, R. J. (2010). The History of Allelopathy. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
- Biofumigation:A Control Method for the Soil-Borne Diseases
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 10, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 453-460Abstract
The term ‘biofumigation’ was originally coined by J.A. Kirkegaard to describe the process of growing, macerating / incorporating certain Brassica or related species into the soil, leading to the release of isothiocyanate compounds (ITCs) through the hydrolysis of glucosinolate (GSL) compounds contained in the plant tissues (Kirkegaard et al., 1993). This can result in a suppressive effect on a range of soil borne pests and diseases. Biofumigation is the suppression of soil born pests and diseases through the use of plants that produce inhibitory chemicals, also known as secondary metabolites. In most cases these biofumigant plants are chopped and incorporated into the soil so they can release their inhibitory chemicals.Keywords
Biofumigation, Soil-Borne Diseases.References
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- Fahey, J.W., Zalcmann, A.T. and Talalay, P. (2001).The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants. Phytochemistry, 56 : 5-51.
- Fenwick, G.R., Heaney, R.K. and Mullin, W.J. (1983). Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and food plants. Critical Rev. Food Sci.&Nutr.,18 : 123-201.
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- Gimsing, A. and Kirkegaard, J. A. (2009). Glucosinolates and biofumigation: fate of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products in soil. Phytochem. Rev., 8 : 299-310.
- Jaffee, B. A., Ferris, H. and Scow, K.M. (1998). Nematode-trapping fungi in organic and conventional cropping systems.
- Kirkegaard, J. A., Gardner, P. A., Desmarchelier, J. M. and Angus, J. F., (1993). Biofumigation - using Brassica species to control pests and diseases in horticulture and agriculture. In: Proceedings of the 9th Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas pp. 77-8. N.Wratten and RJMailer Eds.
- Kirkegaard, J. and Matthiessen, J. (2004). Developing and refining the biofumigation concept. Agroindustria, 3:233-239.
- Kirkegaard, J. (2009). Biofumigation for plant disease control – from the fundamentals to the farming system. In: Disease control in crops. Wiley-Blackwell, 172-195pp.
- Lazzeri, L., Leoni, O. and Manici, L. M. (2004).Biocidal plant dried pellets for biofumigation. Industrial Crops & Produ., 20 : 59- 65.
- Lazzeri, L., Curto, G., Dallavalle, E., D’avino, L., Malaguti, L., Santi, R. and Patalano, G. (2009). Nematicidal efficacy of biofumigation by defatted Brassicaceae meal for control of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitw. on a full field zucchini crop. J.Sustain. Agric., 33 : 349-58.
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- Manici, L. M., Lazzeri, L. and Palmieri, S. (1997). In vitro fungitoxic activity of some glucosinolates and their enzymederived products toward plant pathogenic fungi. J. Agric. & Food Chem., 45 : 2768-7273.
- Matthiessen, J. N. and Kirkegaard, J. A. (2006).Biofumigation and enhanced biodegradation: opportunity and challenge in soilborne pest and disease management. Critic. Rev. Plant Sci., 25 : 235-265.
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- Occurrence of Alternaria brassicae in Seed-Producing Cauliflower and its Role of Seed Infection
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol 13, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 67-70Abstract
The dark spot pathogen of cauliflower, Alternaria brassicae, is a common problem in east and north-east Bihar. Occurrence of this disease is repeatedly observed in crucifers of this region. The disease is more severe in those areas where seed production of crucifers is practiced. Therefore, we designed this experiment including the natural occurrence of dark spot disease and the survivability of the pathogen in the seed. In our location, the disease is started to appear in January. However, the peak period of this disease on foliage was middle February to middle March. This experiment also envisaged that A. brassicae can actively survive for a period of two months on the seed of cauliflower. The seeds obtained from late matured pods had significantly higher seed infection (P < 0.05) compared to seeds from early mature pods. This paper renders the evidence for development of new initiative to manage this disease such as development of physical or chemical seed treatment method that sustains effectively for two months and development of variety with early and synchronous podding, and other programmes may be encouraged. Management strategies of this pathosystem are briefly discussed.Keywords
Alternaria brassicae, Cauliflower, Dark Spot, Seed Infection.References
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- Assessing Fungicides for Seedling Protection of Cucumber to Collar Rot Disease Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii
Abstract Views :310 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia (W.B.), IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bihar), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia (W.B.), IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bihar), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 11, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 10-17Abstract
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is known to be a serious pathogen on many crops of economic importance including cucurbits. Due to proliferic growth and ability to forming sclerotia, this pathogen is the major constraint in successful cultivation of cucumber. The present investigation was thus carried out to evaluate the potential of nine different fungicides i.e. carbendazim, thiophenate methyl, vinclozoline, captan, copper oxychloride, mancozeb, hexaconazole, mycobutanil and propiconazole at different concentrations of 10, 50, 100 and 150 ppm, on the growth inhibition of S. rolfsii. The primary assessment was made on in vitro screening of fungicides and its concentration whereby hexaconazole at lowest concentration (10 ppm) rendered the most vital effect (P≤0.0001) on growth reduction ability followed by propiconazole and mycobutanil. No growth of S. rolfsii observed on plates amended with hexaconazole when the concentration was further increased. Similar effect was traced in an experiment conducted on ischolar_main trainer. The percent infected plant also provided the same impact of fungicides received in toxic-assay experiment. Maximum seedlings protection of cucumber was achieved through seed application of hexaconazole even at lowest concentration (P≤0.01); similarly, no mortality was detected on higher concentration of this fungicide. Although our result directly claiming the best effect of hexaconazole but we propose to use a combination of fungicides from different groups in order to avoid resistance development in S. rolfsii against a particular fungicide. A combination of carbendazim and hexaconazole is hereby proposed for seedling protection of cucumber to S. rolfsii.Keywords
Collar Rot, Cucumber, Fungicide, Sclerotium rolfsii, Seedling Protection.References
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